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Tuesday, May 3, 2011

Osama bin Laden killed! World safer without Osama?







 
US president to visit New York to honour 9/11 victims

Obama says world safer without Bin Laden - Americas - Al Jazeera English

The US President has said the world is better and safer after the death of al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden.

Speaking at the White House on Monday, Barack Obama said bin Laden's death shows that the US has kept its commitment to seeing that justice is done.

Obama also praised the people gathered spontaneously at the White House and in New York to celebrate bin Laden's death, saying that embodied the true spirit and patriotism of America.

He plans to visit New York on Thursday to honour victims of the September 11, 2001 attack on the city and meet with the families of those killed.

Bin Laden claimed responsibility for planning the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington.
Osama bin Laden, the most-wanted fugitive on the US list, was killed in a firefight with American forces in Pakistan and quickly buried at sea.

Long believed to be hiding in the mountainous tribal region between Pakistan and Afghanistan, Bin Laden was tracked down to a custom-built mansion in the town of Abbottabad, 61km north of the capital Islamabad.

Confronted by US special forces who were dropped by helicopter into the compound, Bin Laden was shot dead in a 40-minute operation under the cover of night, US officials said.

Crowds gathered to celebrate outside the White House in Washington, DC, as well as in New York City - one of the sites of the September 11 attacks.

http://newscri.be/link/1441279 
A resident of Abbottabad recounts witnessing the US raid on bin Laden's mansion in the Pakistani city
But celebrations over the operation were tempered by fears of retaliation, and the US quickly issued security warnings to Americans worldwide.
"A small team of Americans carried out the operation with extraordinary courage and capability," Obama said.
 
"After a firefight, they killed Osama bin Laden and took custody of his body."

Four people, including one of bin Laden's sons, were also killed in the operation, US officials said.
After the firefight, US officials said they used "multiple methods" to positively identify Bin Laden's remains.

US officials said later on Monday that DNA tests confirmed the death, providing a match with 99.9 per cent confidence.

The US is believed to have collected DNA samples from bin Laden family members in the years since the September 11, 2001, attacks that triggered the US-led invasion of Afghanistan.

Buried at sea

Officials said Bin Laden's body was quickly buried at sea, adhering to Islamic procedures including washing the corpse.

It was placed in a "weighted bag," an officer made some religious remarks and the remains were put on a flat board and tipped into the North Arabian Sea off the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson, Pentagon officials said.

"We wanted to avoid a situation where it would become a shrine," the AFP news agency quoted one official as saying.

Dr Ahmed El-Tayeb, the head of al-Azhar, Egypt's seat of Sunni Muslim learning, said the disposal of the body at sea was an affront to religious and human values.



Muslims set great store by interment in permanent graves on land and accept burial at sea only in cases where the body cannot be preserved intact aboard ship until it reaches shore.

A prominent Egyptian Islamist lawyer said Bin Laden should have been buried in his native Saudi Arabia.

"Isn't it enough that they killed him and displayed their joy to the world?" Montasser al-Zayat told Al Jazeera. "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a moral obligation to demand that it bury Osama on its land."

John Brennan, the White House counterterrorism chief, said Obama had monitored the raid from the White House and expressed relief that US forces had finally caught Bin Laden without losing any more American lives.

He said US officials are weighing whether to release photographs of bin Laden's body amid calls from US lawmakers to prove the al-Qaeda leader is dead.

"We are going to do everything we can to make sure that nobody has any basis to try to deny that we got Osama bin Laden," Brennan told reporters on Monday.

"And so, therefore, the releasing of information, and whether that includes photographs - this is something to be determined."

Pakistan's role

According to Al Jazeera's Rosiland Jordan in Washington, the operation had been in the making for the last nine or 10 months.

"The fact that it happened inside Pakistan, there have been suggestions that Pakistani intelligence may have been protecting them," she said.

Patty Culhane, another Al Jazeera correspondent, said US authorities received intelligence last September and were able to track Bin Laden down through his couriers.

They followed them to the compound, which was reported to be worth over a million dollars.
US officials said bin Laden was tracked down to his mansion in Pakistan through his couriers [AFP]
Brennan said it is inconceivable that Bin Laden did not have some support in Pakistan.

He said the White House is talking with the Pakistani government and pledged to pursue all leads to find out what type of support system or benefactors Bin Laden might have had.

In his announcement, Obama said: "The death of bin Laden marks the most significant achievement to date against al-Qaeda."

He said the "United States is not and will never be at war against Islam. Bin Laden was not a Muslim leader, in fact, he slaughtered many Muslims".

Just hours after the announcement, a senior al-Qaeda ideologue promised revenge.

The commentator, going by the online name Assad al-Jihad2, posted on websites a long eulogy for Bin Laden and promised to "avenge the killing of the Sheik of Islam".

The Pakistani Taliban also threatened attacks against government leaders, including Asif Ali Zardari, the Pakistani president, the Pakistan army and the US.

Elsewhere, the announcement of Bin Laden's death was met with varied responses.
Ban Ki-moon, the secretary-general of the UN, called the death a "watershed moment". "This is a day to remember the victims of terrorism here in the United States and everywhere in the world," he said at UN headquarters.

Earlier, George W Bush, Obama's predecessor, called the operation a "momentous achievement".
"The fight against terror goes on, but tonight America has sent an unmistakable message: No matter how long it takes, justice will be done," he said in a statement.

'Symbolic victory'

In Afghanistan, Qais Azimy, Al Jazeera's correspondent in Kabul, said Afghan officials described bin Laden's killing as a "symbolic victory", since he was no longer directly connected to the group's field operations.

Mark Kimmit, a US military analyst, said bin Laden's death "was not the end of terrorism, but an end of a chapter."


Brother of anti-Taliban resistance leader killed in an al-Qaeda bombing 'relieved' at news of bin Laden's death
"Capturing or killing bin Laden has more iconic value. It will have symbolic value, because it has been a number of years since bin Laden has exercised day to day control over operations. We still have an al-Qaeda threat out there and that will be there for a number of years.

It is, however, a major accomplishment for Obama and his national security team.

Bush had repeatedly vowed to bring to justice the mastermind of the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, but never did before leaving office in early 2009.

Bin Laden had been the subject of a search since he eluded US soldiers and Afghan militia forces in a large-scale assault on the Tora Bora mountains in 2001.

The trail quickly went cold after he disappeared and many intelligence officials believed he had been hiding in Pakistan.

While in hiding, bin Laden had taunted the West and advocated his views in videotapes spirited from his hideaway.

Besides September 11, the US has also linked bin Laden to a string of attacks - including the 1998 bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and the 2000 bombing of the warship USS Cole in Yemen.

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Monday, May 2, 2011

Internet documentary Treasure Unearthed



Unearthed: A Documentary Treasure on the History of the Internet 

Technology Review by  Christopher Mims published by MIT

15 minutes of a rarely-seen BBC documentary demolish the myth that ARPAnet was inspired by nuclear war, and explain the far more intriguing truth.



The impending deletion of content from Google Video has inspired quite a few uploaders to port their content to Youtube, unearthing a trove of pre-YouTube-era gems like this one. It's a BBC documentary from 1997 called Inside the Internet, and features interviews with the scientists who actually built the infrastructure on which the Internet is based.

It's full of details that are not common knowledge among the billions who now rely on the Internet:

• Leonard Kleinrock, the computer scientist who helped set up the very first piece of hardware to comprise the Internet, an "Interface Message Processor," demolishes the myth that the ARPAnet, the precursor to today's Internet, was set up as a communications network that would be able to continue to pass message even after some of its nodes were knocked out by nuclear war.



Instead, it was simply a means for engineers to give themselves access to the capabilities of remote computers that their systems might not possess.

• The Internet was -- and still is -- based on sending tiny packets of information back and forth (aka "packet switching") because the mathematical theory known as Queueing Theory suggested that the best way to avoid congestion on a communications network was to send small, individually addressed packets of information that could be routed one at a time, so as to find the shortest route.

• UNIX, the basis of Linux (essential to web servers), Mac OS X and countless open-source OSes was born at Bell Labs, and was a product of the frustration of Bell Labs computer scientists with the software they had been forced to use up to that point. It was an internal project that was licensed to academic institutions for only a nominal fee, which helped it go viral.

• The combination of old-style modems operating through telephone lines and the Unix program UUCP allowed the first network of machines that was not part of the officially sanctioned ARPAnet. Called Usenet, it forwarded message from one machine to the next, whenever they happened to connect to the next machine in the chain via modem.

By connecting the edges of the blooming Internet, it helped to create a system in which there was no central node. This made the network immune to censorship, whether intentional or accidental. This, in turn, helped feed the rumor that the network had originally been conceived as one that would be invulnerable to the loss of any central communication hubs(s).

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The US's reckless money-printing could put the world back into crisis!







Last week, Ben Bernanke suggested that the US base interest rate will stay close to zero for an "extended period". It's been there since December 2008. 

America's reckless money-printing could put the world back into crisis
The US currency has also been falling pretty steadily since the summer of 2010, after Ben Bernanke gave the first inklings he would launch QE2. Photo: AP
Traders took these words to mean that the Federal Reserve won't hike rates until the first few months of 2012 at the earliest.

Bernanke also pledged to do whatever is required to keep America's economic recovery on track – confirming that the second programme of "quantitative easing", or QE2, would be completed. These two related announcements – the "reprieve" and the "sugar rush" – sent Wall Street into renewed spasms of synthetic joy.

In the real world, US growth is slowing sharply. Annualised GDP rose just 1.8pc during the first three months of 2011, down from 3.1pc the quarter before. America remains mired in sovereign, commercial and household debt.

Yet as the Fed chairman spoke, US stocks hit their highest level since before the sub-prime crisis. The tech-heavy Nasdaq, incredibly, closed at a 10-year peak.

So the Fed will keep on "printing" virtual money – at least for now. By the end of June, it will have purchased $600bn (£363bn) of longer-term Treasuries, with the US government effectively buying its own debt from funds created ex nihilo. That's on top of the original $1,750bn (£1,048bn) QE scheme, launched in late 2008.

America's base money supply – the bedrock of the world's reserve currency – has doubled in little more than two years. Despite consternation among many US voters, and dismay – rapidly turning to anger – across the world, most of America's political elite refuse even to debate QE. Such is the state of democracy in the "land of the free and the home of the brave". And America is not alone.

Plunging dollar

Bernanke's utterances caused gold to jump another 2pc. Silver – known as "poor man's gold", another "inflation hedge" – spiked 6.5pc. But the real story was the plunging dollar. Against a basket of five major global currencies, the US currency fell sharply and is now at its weakest since July 2008. The Fed's "real broad dollar index", a 26-currency composite and adjusted for inflation, is testing levels not seen since 1979.

Yet still Tim Geithner puffed-out his chest and reaffirmed America's "strong dollar" commitment. "Our policy has been, and will always be, as long as I'm in this job, that a strong dollar is in America's interest," the US treasury secretary said.

That's total nonsense, of course – seeing as a weaker currency boosts US exports and lowers the value of America's external debt. Geithner's words are not only disingenuous, but insulting to America's creditors and trading partners. In fact, Washington's constant berating of Beijing for "currency manipulation" is looking more and more like a diversion tactic.

 Big statement

That's a big statement, I know. But it's based on a dispassionate analysis of the facts. I have no personal beef with America. I've spent a sizeable chunk of my life in America and much of my family is American. I love America! I feel the need to write this as quite a few US economists, even those boasting Nobel prizes, have recently accused analysts who don't toe the "Washington line" of being "America-haters".

Such ad hominem tactics are pathetic – the last refuge of intellectual cowards who know they're losing the argument. For the "Washington line" – inflation isn't a problem, we don't need to raise rates and the Fed can print willy-nilly – is not only looking increasingly untenable, but is having a severe negative impact on much of the rest of the world.



 Damaging relationships

The way the Obama administration is running America's economy – continued fiscal expansionism, QE2 and "dollar benign neglect" – is not only damaging US relationships abroad, but will ultimately lead to greater pain for domestic voters too. I say this not because I hate America but because, as a citizen of the world, I care about the fate of the largest economy on earth.

This latest dollar weakness is part of a longer-term trend. From the start of 2002 until the middle of 2008, the greenback lost 30pc on a trade-weighted basis. The start of the "sub-prime" crisis proper then sent shock waves around the world. For six months or so, Western investors piled into what they knew, liquidating complex positions and buying "Uncle Sam". The dollar surged, spiralling upward during the so-called "safe haven rally".

Then the Fed began QE, apparently to tackle "deflation". The more pressing need was to bail out Wall Street and rein in the real value of America's burgeoning government debt – which happened as the dollar then fell. The US currency has also been falling pretty steadily since the summer of 2010, after Bernanke gave the first inklings he would launch QE2.

Massive problem

America's currency weakness is based on fundamentals including its vast, and upward-spiralling, $14,000bn debt – and that's just what's "on the books". Nothing material is being done to address this massive problem. The unspoken assumption among politicians on both sides of the aisle is that America can just "monetise" its liabilities by continuing to debase the currency.

So the Fed's actions are undermining the dollar precisely because that's what the White House wants. At the same time, sophisticated investors are exploiting ultra-low US rates by borrowing cheaply in dollars and switching the proceeds to currencies where returns are higher. This "carry trade" is flooding foreign exchange markets with US currency – weakening the dollar further.

Benign neglect

Yet "dollar benign neglect" is fraught with economic risks. A weak dollar makes commodities more expensive. It was when the greenback hit it's last trough of $1.60 against the euro in mid-2008 that oil soared to $147 a barrel. Expensive crude damages the world's biggest oil user. And as the dollar falls, America's huge commodity imports cost more, making the trade deficit even worse.

America's currency depreciation trick could also backfire badly if "the rope slips" and, far from a steady decline, the world's pivotal currency goes into free fall. That would plunge America back into recession, or worse – as inflation ballooned amid soaring import costs, forcing the Fed to raise rates in the teeth of shuddering slowdown.

A plummeting US currency would also spark broader chaos as central banks sought to protect the value of their reserves. And after the inevitable downward overshoot, the dollar would snap back, causing the carry trade to "unwind" as dollar borrowers suddenly owed more. The danger then would be that major losses at financial institutions posed renewed systemic threats. Financial markets might then go into a tailspin, reigniting concerns of a fully-blown global slump.

Waning power

Bernanke's comments last week were made to the press – with the Fed now agreeing to regularly scheduled news conferences for the first time in its 98-year history. Some say this decision to submit to demands for transparency indicates that the power of the US central bank, it's global influence, is on the wane.

I'd suggest that, on the contrary, the Fed's global impact may soon reach an all-time high. And that impact won't be pretty. For far from being a "safe haven", an increasingly debased dollar could be the cause of the next global financial crisis.

Reading between the lines of Bernanke's statement, I don't think that last week's Fed missive, as most concluded, confirmed the end of QE2. In my view – and I write this with a sense of trepidation – the Fed's inaugural "meet the press" moment was in fact preparing the ground for the start of QE3.

Liam Halligan is chief economist at Prosperity Capital Management.

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